1. 苟以天下之大，而从六国破亡之故事，是其所以亡也，亦无他，皆以失其所守耳。
If the vast territory of the world follows the path of the six states' demise, there is no other reason for their downfall. It is merely due to their loss of their own principles and foundations.
2. 昔者，商汤伐桀，周武王伐纣，其所以能克者，以其动合于天道，而民心归之也。
In the past, Shang Tang conquered Jie and Zhou Wu Wang conquered Zhou, their victories were achieved because their actions were in accordance with the will of Heaven, and the hearts of the people were with them.
3. 当秦之欲并天下也，而六国之君，悉以赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
When Qin desired to unify the world, the rulers of the six states all bribed Qin with their land and served Qin's officials to obtain what they desired, yet they lost their kingdoms. Why was this?
4. 昔三晋之国，以其强也，故秦不敢加兵焉；今三晋已弱，秦兵遂东，而莫之能御者，何也？
In the past, the three states of Jin were powerful, so Qin dared not attack them. Now, the three states of Jin are weakened, and Qin's army has marched east, with no one able to resist them. Why is this?
5. 苟以天下之大，而从六国破亡之故事，是其所以亡也，亦无他，皆以失其所守耳。
If the vast territory of the world follows the path of the six states' demise, there is no other reason for their downfall. It is merely due to their loss of their own principles and foundations.
6. 夫以秦人之性，贪婪无厌，六国之君，悉以赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
With the nature of the Qin people being greedy and insatiable, the rulers of the six states, by bribing Qin with their land and serving Qin's officials to gain what they desired, ultimately lost their kingdoms. Why is this?
7. 昔者，商汤伐桀，周武王伐纣，其所以能克者，以其动合于天道，而民心归之也。
In the past, Shang Tang conquered Jie and Zhou Wu Wang conquered Zhou, their victories were achieved because their actions were in accordance with the will of Heaven, and the hearts of the people were with them.
8. 当秦之欲并天下也，而六国之君，悉以赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
When Qin desired to unify the world, the rulers of the six states all bribed Qin with their land and served Qin's officials to obtain what they desired, yet they lost their kingdoms. Why was this?
9. 昔三晋之国，以其强也，故秦不敢加兵焉；今三晋已弱，秦兵遂东，而莫之能御者，何也？
In the past, the three states of Jin were powerful, so Qin dared not attack them. Now, the three states of Jin are weakened, and Qin's army has marched east, with no one able to resist them. Why is this?
10. 秦灭六国，其君皆为秦所虏，其民皆为秦所役，是何也？
Qin destroyed the six states, their rulers were all captured by Qin, and their people were all enslaved by Qin. Why is this?
11. 诸侯之所亡，不尽在于赂秦之多，而在于其君不能守其国，而秦能得其所欲也。
The demise of the feudal lords was not solely due to the amount of bribes they paid to Qin, but also due to their inability to defend their kingdoms, while Qin was able to obtain what it desired.
12. 赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，是秦之所欲也；而六国之君，悉以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
Bribing Qin with land and serving Qin's officials was what Qin desired. Yet the rulers of the six states, seeking what they desired, ultimately lost their kingdoms. Why is this?
13. 夫以秦人之性，贪婪无厌，六国之君，悉以赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
With the nature of the Qin people being greedy and insatiable, the rulers of the six states, by bribing Qin with their land and serving Qin's officials to gain what they desired, ultimately lost their kingdoms. Why is this?
14. 昔者，商汤伐桀，周武王伐纣，其所以能克者，以其动合于天道，而民心归之也。
In the past, Shang Tang conquered Jie and Zhou Wu Wang conquered Zhou, their victories were achieved because their actions were in accordance with the will of Heaven, and the hearts of the people were with them.
15. 当秦之欲并天下也，而六国之君，悉以赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
When Qin desired to unify the world, the rulers of the six states all bribed Qin with their land and served Qin's officials to obtain what they desired, yet they lost their kingdoms. Why was this?
16. 昔三晋之国，以其强也，故秦不敢加兵焉；今三晋已弱，秦兵遂东，而莫之能御者，何也？
In the past, the three states of Jin were powerful, so Qin dared not attack them. Now, the three states of Jin are weakened, and Qin's army has marched east, with no one able to resist them. Why is this?
17. 秦灭六国，其君皆为秦所虏，其民皆为秦所役，是何也？
Qin destroyed the six states, their rulers were all captured by Qin, and their people were all enslaved by Qin. Why is this?
18. 诸侯之所亡，不尽在于赂秦之多，而在于其君不能守其国，而秦能得其所欲也。
The demise of the feudal lords was not solely due to the amount of bribes they paid to Qin, but also due to their inability to defend their kingdoms, while Qin was able to obtain what it desired.
19. 赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，是秦之所欲也；而六国之君，悉以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
Bribing Qin with land and serving Qin's officials was what Qin desired. Yet the rulers of the six states, seeking what they desired, ultimately lost their kingdoms. Why is this?
20. 夫以秦人之性，贪婪无厌，六国之君，悉以赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
With the nature of the Qin people being greedy and insatiable, the rulers of the six states, by bribing Qin with their land and serving Qin's officials to gain what they desired, ultimately lost their kingdoms. Why is this?
21. 昔者，商汤伐桀，周武王伐纣，其所以能克者，以其动合于天道，而民心归之也。
In the past, Shang Tang conquered Jie and Zhou Wu Wang conquered Zhou, their victories were achieved because their actions were in accordance with the will of Heaven, and the hearts of the people were with them.
22. 当秦之欲并天下也，而六国之君，悉以赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
When Qin desired to unify the world, the rulers of the six states all bribed Qin with their land and served Qin's officials to obtain what they desired, yet they lost their kingdoms. Why was this?
23. 昔三晋之国，以其强也，故秦不敢加兵焉；今三晋已弱，秦兵遂东，而莫之能御者，何也？
In the past, the three states of Jin were powerful, so Qin dared not attack them. Now, the three states of Jin are weakened, and Qin's army has marched east, with no one able to resist them. Why is this?
24. 秦灭六国，其君皆为秦所虏，其民皆为秦所役，是何也？
Qin destroyed the six states, their rulers were all captured by Qin, and their people were all enslaved by Qin. Why is this?
25. 诸侯之所亡，不尽在于赂秦之多，而在于其君不能守其国，而秦能得其所欲也。
The demise of the feudal lords was not solely due to the amount of bribes they paid to Qin, but also due to their inability to defend their kingdoms, while Qin was able to obtain what it desired.
26. 赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，是秦之所欲也；而六国之君，悉以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
Bribing Qin with land and serving Qin's officials was what Qin desired. Yet the rulers of the six states, seeking what they desired, ultimately lost their kingdoms. Why is this?
27. 夫以秦人之性，贪婪无厌，六国之君，悉以赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
With the nature of the Qin people being greedy and insatiable, the rulers of the six states, by bribing Qin with their land and serving Qin's officials to gain what they desired, ultimately lost their kingdoms. Why is this?
28. 昔者，商汤伐桀，周武王伐纣，其所以能克者，以其动合于天道，而民心归之也。
In the past, Shang Tang conquered Jie and Zhou Wu Wang conquered Zhou, their victories were achieved because their actions were in accordance with the will of Heaven, and the hearts of the people were with them.
29. 当秦之欲并天下也，而六国之君，悉以赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
When Qin desired to unify the world, the rulers of the six states all bribed Qin with their land and served Qin's officials to obtain what they desired, yet they lost their kingdoms. Why was this?
30. 昔三晋之国，以其强也，故秦不敢加兵焉；今三晋已弱，秦兵遂东，而莫之能御者，何也？
In the past, the three states of Jin were powerful, so Qin dared not attack them. Now, the three states of Jin are weakened, and Qin's army has marched east, with no one able to resist them. Why is this?
31. 秦灭六国，其君皆为秦所虏，其民皆为秦所役，是何也？
Qin destroyed the six states, their rulers were all captured by Qin, and their people were all enslaved by Qin. Why is this?
32. 诸侯之所亡，不尽在于赂秦之多，而在于其君不能守其国，而秦能得其所欲也。
The demise of the feudal lords was not solely due to the amount of bribes they paid to Qin, but also due to their inability to defend their kingdoms, while Qin was able to obtain what it desired.
33. 赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，是秦之所欲也；而六国之君，悉以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
Bribing Qin with land and serving Qin's officials was what Qin desired. Yet the rulers of the six states, seeking what they desired, ultimately lost their kingdoms. Why is this?
34. 夫以秦人之性，贪婪无厌，六国之君，悉以赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
With the nature of the Qin people being greedy and insatiable, the rulers of the six states, by bribing Qin with their land and serving Qin's officials to gain what they desired, ultimately lost their kingdoms. Why is this?
35. 昔者，商汤伐桀，周武王伐纣，其所以能克者，以其动合于天道，而民心归之也。
In the past, Shang Tang conquered Jie and Zhou Wu Wang conquered Zhou, their victories were achieved because their actions were in accordance with the will of Heaven, and the hearts of the people were with them.
36. 当秦之欲并天下也，而六国之君，悉以赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
When Qin desired to unify the world, the rulers of the six states all bribed Qin with their land and served Qin's officials to obtain what they desired, yet they lost their kingdoms. Why was this?
37. 昔三晋之国，以其强也，故秦不敢加兵焉；今三晋已弱，秦兵遂东，而莫之能御者，何也？
In the past, the three states of Jin were powerful, so Qin dared not attack them. Now, the three states of Jin are weakened, and Qin's army has marched east, with no one able to resist them. Why is this?
38. 秦灭六国，其君皆为秦所虏，其民皆为秦所役，是何也？
Qin destroyed the six states, their rulers were all captured by Qin, and their people were all enslaved by Qin. Why is this?
39. 诸侯之所亡，不尽在于赂秦之多，而在于其君不能守其国，而秦能得其所欲也。
The demise of the feudal lords was not solely due to the amount of bribes they paid to Qin, but also due to their inability to defend their kingdoms, while Qin was able to obtain what it desired.
40. 赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，是秦之所欲也；而六国之君，悉以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
Bribing Qin with land and serving Qin's officials was what Qin desired. Yet the rulers of the six states, seeking what they desired, ultimately lost their kingdoms. Why is this?
41. 夫以秦人之性，贪婪无厌，六国之君，悉以赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
With the nature of the Qin people being greedy and insatiable, the rulers of the six states, by bribing Qin with their land and serving Qin's officials to gain what they desired, ultimately lost their kingdoms. Why is this?
42. 昔者，商汤伐桀，周武王伐纣，其所以能克者，以其动合于天道，而民心归之也。
In the past, Shang Tang conquered Jie and Zhou Wu Wang conquered Zhou, their victories were achieved because their actions were in accordance with the will of Heaven, and the hearts of the people were with them.
43. 当秦之欲并天下也，而六国之君，悉以赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
When Qin desired to unify the world, the rulers of the six states all bribed Qin with their land and served Qin's officials to obtain what they desired, yet they lost their kingdoms. Why was this?
44. 昔三晋之国，以其强也，故秦不敢加兵焉；今三晋已弱，秦兵遂东，而莫之能御者，何也？
In the past, the three states of Jin were powerful, so Qin dared not attack them. Now, the three states of Jin are weakened, and Qin's army has marched east, with no one able to resist them. Why is this?
45. 秦灭六国，其君皆为秦所虏，其民皆为秦所役，是何也？
Qin destroyed the six states, their rulers were all captured by Qin, and their people were all enslaved by Qin. Why is this?
46. 诸侯之所亡，不尽在于赂秦之多，而在于其君不能守其国，而秦能得其所欲也。
The demise of the feudal lords was not solely due to the amount of bribes they paid to Qin, but also due to their inability to defend their kingdoms, while Qin was able to obtain what it desired.
47. 赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，是秦之所欲也；而六国之君，悉以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
Bribing Qin with land and serving Qin's officials was what Qin desired. Yet the rulers of the six states, seeking what they desired, ultimately lost their kingdoms. Why is this?
48. 夫以秦人之性，贪婪无厌，六国之君，悉以赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
With the nature of the Qin people being greedy and insatiable, the rulers of the six states, by bribing Qin with their land and serving Qin's officials to gain what they desired, ultimately lost their kingdoms. Why is this?
49. 昔者，商汤伐桀，周武王伐纣，其所以能克者，以其动合于天道，而民心归之也。
In the past, Shang Tang conquered Jie and Zhou Wu Wang conquered Zhou, their victories were achieved because their actions were in accordance with the will of Heaven, and the hearts of the people were with them.
50. 当秦之欲并天下也，而六国之君，悉以赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
When Qin desired to unify the world, the rulers of the six states all bribed Qin with their land and served Qin's officials to obtain what they desired, yet they lost their kingdoms. Why was this?
51. 昔三晋之国，以其强也，故秦不敢加兵焉；今三晋已弱，秦兵遂东，而莫之能御者，何也？
In the past, the three states of Jin were powerful, so Qin dared not attack them. Now, the three states of Jin are weakened, and Qin's army has marched east, with no one able to resist them. Why is this?
52. 秦灭六国，其君皆为秦所虏，其民皆为秦所役，是何也？
Qin destroyed the six states, their rulers were all captured by Qin, and their people were all enslaved by Qin. Why is this?
53. 诸侯之所亡，不尽在于赂秦之多，而在于其君不能守其国，而秦能得其所欲也。
The demise of the feudal lords was not solely due to the amount of bribes they paid to Qin, but also due to their inability to defend their kingdoms, while Qin was able to obtain what it desired.
54. 赂秦之地，以事秦之臣，是秦之所欲也；而六国之君，悉以其所欲得之，而亡其国，是何也？
Bribing Qin with land and serving Qin's officials was what Qin desired. Yet the rulers of the six states, seeking what they desired, ultimately lost their kingdoms. Why is this?
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